Surgical wound healing using hemostatic gauze scaffold loaded with nanoparticles containing sustained-release granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

BACKGROUND The therapeutic strategies for malignant melanoma are still cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and tumor resection. However, these therapeutic strategies often lead to a reduced neutrophilic granulocyte count or loss of more blood after surgical tumor resection. In this study, we developed a formulation of hemostatic gauze impregnated with sustained-release granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with increasing of the neutrophilic granulocyte count in the blood following chemotherapy and decreasing blood loss after surgical tumor resection. METHODS We designed a formulation with both hemostatic properties and increased neutrophil content to be used in cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and tumor resection, comprising a hemostatic gauze as a scaffold and (G-CSF)-loaded dextran nanoparticles coated with polylactic-co- glycolic acid (PLGA) solution fabricated by direct spray-painting onto the scaffold and then vacuum-dried at room temperature. The performance of this system was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Nearly zero-order release of G-CSF was recorded for 12-14 days, and the cumulative release of G-CSF retained over 90% of its bioactivity in a NFS-60 cell line proliferation assay when the scaffold was incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37°C. The in vivo hemostatic efficacy of this formulation was greater than that of native G-CSF, the scaffold directly spray-painted with G-CSF solution or PLGA organic solution as a coating, or when a blank scaffold was covered with the coating. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that this formulation has both hemostatic properties and increased neutrophil activity.